Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It is often called a "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms but significantly increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.

This information is provided for general educational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare professional regarding your specific health condition.

• Often no symptoms (silent condition)
• Occasional headaches
• Shortness of breath
• Nosebleeds in severe cases

Risk factors include: age, family history, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco use, excessive sodium intake, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, certain chronic conditions.

Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer. Two readings are given — systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower). A reading consistently above 140/90 mmHg is generally considered hypertensive.

Treatment may include lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, weight loss) and medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers, as prescribed by a doctor.

Reduce salt intake, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, limit alcohol, avoid smoking, manage stress.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience sudden severe headache, chest pain, vision changes, difficulty breathing, or numbness.